Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026
09:44
Stereotaxic Surgery for Genetic Manipulation in Striatal Cells of Neonatal Mouse Brains
Published on: July 10, 2018
16.5K
How do cortico-striatal projections impact on downstream pallidal circuitry?
Sarah R Heilbronner1, Mariah A A Meyer2, Eun Young Choi2
1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. sarah.heilbronner@gmail.com.
Brain Structure & Function
|April 15, 2018
Summary
The frontal cortico-basal ganglia network
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Systems Neuroscience
- Computational Neuroscience
Background:
- The frontal cortico-basal ganglia network is crucial for action selection, learning, and motivation.
- Information integration across cortical regions occurs within the striatum due to converging projections.
- Understanding cortico-striatal pathways is key to deciphering basal ganglia function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To map the topography of striato-pallidal projections in macaques.
- To determine how frontal cortical inputs are relayed indirectly to the globus pallidus.
- To elucidate the specificity and organization of information flow within the basal ganglia.
Main Methods:
- Combined a database of 3D striato-pallidal charting models with frontal cortical input maps.
- Analyzed the topographic organization of projections from the striatum to the globus pallidus.
- Investigated the specificity and overlap of striato-pallidal projections based on cortical inputs.
Main Results:
- The striato-pallidal projection is highly topographic, with striatal location predicting pallidal targets.
- Projections are specific and largely non-overlapping, indicating distinct pathways for different cortical inputs.
- Despite specific striatal hubs, the indirect pallidal representation of frontal cortical regions is broad due to striatal convergence.
Conclusions:
- The striato-pallidal pathway faithfully transmits unique combinations of cortical information to specific pallidal locations.
- This organization allows for differentiated processing of cortical signals within the basal ganglia.
- The findings provide insights into the neural basis of complex cognitive functions mediated by this network.
Related Concept Videos
02:18Fischer Projections
16.7K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
16.7K
02:06Newman Projections
21.4K
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
21.4K
01:19Impact of Groups on Groups
262
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
262
01:29Coordinates and Map Projections
633
Coordinates and map projections are essential tools in accurately representing the Earth's surface for various applications, ranging from navigation to spatial analysis. The latitude and longitude coordinate system is a universally recognized framework for defining locations. Latitude specifies the distance of a point north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude indicates a location's position east or west of the prime meridian,...
633
01:30Impact
513
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
513
01:28Impact of Groups on Individuals
375
Groups play a fundamental role in shaping individual behavior, as they establish norms that guide interactions and decision-making. Social psychology examines how individuals conform to group expectations, often adjusting their attitudes and actions to align with group norms. These norms can be formal, such as workplace policies, or informal, such as unspoken social expectations within a fraternity.Conformity and Social InfluenceConformity arises when individuals modify their behaviors or...
375