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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

52.1K
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
52.1K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.3K
Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

363
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
363
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

25.0K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
25.0K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.6K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication
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Sulfur-Based Ylides in Transition-Metal-Catalysed Processes.

James D Neuhaus1, Rik Oost1, Jérémy Merad1

  • 1Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.

Topics in Current Chemistry (Cham)
|April 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Transition metal catalysis enhances the utility of sulfur-based ylides in organic synthesis. This review covers recent advancements and historical context for these powerful reagents.

Keywords:
Asymmetric catalysisHistorical perspectiveOne-carbon synthonRecent developmentsSulfonium ylidesSulfoxonium ylidesTransition metal catalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Sulfur-based ylides are traditionally used for small ring synthesis and rearrangements.
  • Recent research explores their expanded applications via transition metal catalysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent developments in transition metal-catalyzed sulfonium/sulfoxonium ylide reactions.
  • To provide a historical perspective on these reactions.
  • To encourage further research in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on transition metal-catalyzed ylide reactions.
  • Historical analysis of sulfur-based ylide applications.

Main Results:

  • Transition metal catalysis offers a powerful and flexible approach to novel synthetic methodologies using ylides.
  • Significant progress has been made in expanding the scope of ylide chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of sulfur-based ylides and transition metal catalysis is a rapidly growing area in synthetic organic chemistry.
  • This field holds great potential for developing new and efficient synthetic routes.