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Related Concept Videos

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

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Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
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Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

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For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Molecular Models02:00

Molecular Models

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Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.
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Polymer effects on Kármán vortex: Molecular dynamics study.

Yuta Asano1, Hiroshi Watanabe1, Hiroshi Noguchi1

  • 1The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|April 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long polymers significantly alter Kármán vortex dynamics behind a cylinder, reducing shedding frequency. Short polymers behave like Newtonian fluids, highlighting polymer extensibility

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Polymer physics
  • Computational science

Background:

  • The Kármán vortex street is a fundamental phenomenon in fluid dynamics.
  • Understanding polymer solutions' impact on fluid flow is crucial for various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of polymer chain length on Kármán vortex characteristics using molecular dynamics simulations.
  • To elucidate the role of polymer extensibility in modifying flow behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to model the flow of polymer solutions around a circular cylinder.
  • Analysis focused on vortex shedding frequency, lift coefficient spectrum, gyration radius, and orientational order.

Main Results:

  • Long-polymer solutions showed reduced vortex shedding frequency and a broadened lift coefficient spectrum compared to Newtonian fluids.
  • Short-polymer solutions exhibited vortex characteristics similar to Newtonian fluids.
  • Inhomogeneous distributions of polymer gyration radius and orientational order were observed in the long-polymer flow field.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer chain length critically influences Kármán vortex dynamics.
  • The extensional properties of long polymers are key to altering flow characteristics.
  • Simulation results align with experimental observations, validating the molecular dynamics approach.