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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
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Passive transport is a method of drug absorption where small, lipid-soluble drugs can move across the cell membrane. This movement happens along the concentration gradient, which is a natural flow from higher to lower concentration areas. The speed at which the drug moves is directly related to its lipid–water partition coefficient. This means that the more a drug dissolves in lipids, the faster it diffuses or spreads throughout the body. It is important to note that most drugs are either...
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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Design and Validation of a Volumetric-extrusion Bioprinter for Bioprinting of Soluble Basement Membrane Extract for Translational Research
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Basement membrane mechanics shape development: Lessons from the fly.

William Ramos-Lewis1, Andrea Page-McCaw1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Program in Developmental Biology, Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology
|April 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Basement membrane mechanics, particularly stiffness, are crucial for tissue and organ shape. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful model for studying these basement membrane roles in vivo.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Basement membranes are essential for tissue structure and organ morphology.
  • Their mechanical properties, influenced by composition and crosslinking, play a key role in development.
  • Understanding basement membrane's in vivo influence on morphology is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries on basement membrane mechanics during Drosophila development.
  • To highlight Drosophila melanogaster as a tractable model for studying basement membrane stiffness in vivo.
  • To explore how basement membrane influences organ shape, cell migration, and signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism due to its genetic tools and conserved basement membrane proteins.
  • Analyzing well-characterized Drosophila organ systems like the egg chamber, central nervous system, and imaginal wing disc.
  • Investigating basement membrane stiffness's role in organ shape and cellular migration.

Main Results:

  • Basement membrane stiffness significantly influences organ shape and cellular migration in vivo.
  • Drosophila offers a simplified genetic system for studying basement membrane protein functions.
  • Basement membrane can sequester signaling ligands, impacting organ size and shape.

Conclusions:

  • Drosophila melanogaster is an effective model for dissecting basement membrane mechanics in development.
  • Basement membrane stiffness and ligand sequestration are key mechanisms controlling organ morphology.
  • Further research in Drosophila will advance understanding of basement membrane's role in tissue development and disease.