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Lateralisation in Parkinson disease.

P Riederer1,2, K A Jellinger3, P Kolber4

  • 1Center of Mental Health, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. peter.riederer@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de.

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|April 16, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease uniquely features asymmetrical neurodegeneration, leading to lateralized motor symptoms. Understanding the genetic and environmental factors behind this asymmetry is key to developing targeted Parkinson's disease treatments.

Keywords:
AsymmetryDopamineGeneticsHandednessLateralisationParkinsonismParkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by asymmetric dopaminergic neurodegeneration and lateralized motor symptoms.
  • The precise causes for this lateralization remain incompletely understood, even 200 years after its initial description.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the underlying mechanisms contributing to the lateralization of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
  • To investigate how hereditary and environmental factors influence hemispheric dominance and neuronal susceptibility in the substantia nigra.
  • To correlate lateralized neurodegeneration with specific patterns of motor and non-motor symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bilateral post-mortem brain samples to assess dopaminergic neurodegeneration patterns.
  • Clinical studies examining the origin and progression of right/left hemispheric motor and non-motor symptoms.
  • Review of existing evidence on hereditary and environmental influences on lateralization.

Main Results:

  • Lateralization of Parkinson's disease symptoms is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors.
  • Neuronal subpopulations within the substantia nigra exhibit differential susceptibility, contributing to asymmetric neurodegeneration.
  • Lateralized neurodegeneration correlates with specific patterns of motor deficits and non-motor signs, including cognitive, sleep, and olfactory dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of lateralized neurodegeneration is crucial for developing subtype-specific therapies for Parkinson's disease.
  • Recognizing Parkinson's disease as a heterogeneous disorder with distinct lateralized phenotypes can improve treatment strategies.
  • Further research combining neuropathological and clinical data is needed to fully elucidate the basis of PD lateralization.