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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Bodybuilders often use high-protein diets, anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs), and growth hormone (GH).
  • Long-term use of these substances may pose risks to renal health.
  • Limited data exists on the specific renal pathologies associated with these practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the spectrum of renal diseases in bodybuilders using high-protein diets, AASs, and GH.
  • To investigate the relationship between substance exposure duration and renal pathology.
  • To evaluate the prognosis and outcomes of renal disease in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 22 adult male bodybuilders over a six-year period.
  • Data collected on history of high-protein diet, AAS, and GH use.
  • Renal biopsies performed to diagnose kidney disease.

Main Results:

  • Various renal diseases were observed, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), nephroangiosclerosis, and interstitial nephritis.
  • FSGS cases showed longer exposure, late presentation, and poorer prognosis.
  • Interstitial nephritis cases had shorter exposure, earlier presentation, and improved/stabilized after cessation.

Conclusions:

  • High-protein diets, AASs, and GH are associated with significant renal morbidity in bodybuilders.
  • The type of renal disease and prognosis depend on the duration and type of substance exposure.
  • Health education is crucial for athletes and bodybuilders regarding the renal risks of these performance-enhancing practices.