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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
Published on: May 20, 2018
Unusual cause of crystalline nephropathy
Natarajan Gopalakrishnan1, Dhanasekaran Rajasekar1, Jeyachandran Dhanapriya1
1Institute of Nephrology, Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease presenting with 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis, DHA nephropathy, and chronic kidney disease. The presence of DHA crystals in urine and renal biopsy is pathognomonic of the disease. We report a 23-year-old female with acute renal failure and nephrotic proteinuria. Urinalysis showed reddish brown, round crystals with dark outline, and central spicules consistent with 2,8-DHA crystals. Renal biopsy showed membranous nephropathy and 2,8-DHA nephropathy. Our patient improved with liberal fluid intake, restriction of high adenine content foods, and oral xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor febuxostat. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment prevent renal complications.
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