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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Detection of Rare Genomic Variants from Pooled Sequencing Using SPLINTER

Detection of Rare Genomic Variants from Pooled Sequencing Using SPLINTER

Published on: June 23, 2012

Rare Splice Variants in Long Non-Coding RNAs.

Rituparno Sen¹, Gero Doose², Peter F Stadler^{3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

¹Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany. rituparno@bioinf.uni-leipzig.de.

|April 17, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) produce a limited set of splice variants, not random ones. Even rare lncRNA isoforms are well-defined, challenging the "junk" RNA hypothesis.

Keywords:

GENCODE lncRNA lncRNA isoforms splice junctions

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Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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Published on: October 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
RNA Biology

Background:

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulatory molecules.
Their full isoform diversity and biological functions are not fully understood.
lncRNAs are often expressed at low levels and are cell-type specific.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the isoform diversity of lncRNAs.
To determine if lncRNA processing is random or produces defined variants.
To assess the completeness of current genome annotations for lncRNAs.

Main Methods:

Analysis of over 100 B cell lymphoma transcriptomes.
Deep sequencing to identify splice variants.
Comparison of identified variants with existing genome annotations.

Main Results:

lncRNA loci generate a highly defined set of splice variants.
Some rare isoforms include novel exons or introns not in current annotations.
Deep sequencing data suggests near-complete capture of isoform diversity.
The vast majority of observed splice junctions are supported by multiple reads.

Conclusions:

The human transcriptome produces specific, non-random lncRNA splice variants.
The concept of "junk" RNA may be inaccurate for lncRNAs.
Current genome annotations may be incomplete regarding lncRNA isoforms.