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Published on: April 10, 2018
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Besides Pathology: Long Non-Coding RNA in Cell and Tissue Homeostasis
Amanda Salviano-Silva1, Sara Cristina Lobo-Alves2, Rodrigo Coutinho de Almeida3
1Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 81531-980, Caixa Postal 19071, Brazil. amandasalviano92@gmail.com.
Non-Coding RNA
|April 17, 2018
Summary
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression through diverse mechanisms. This review highlights lncRNA functions in cellular homeostasis and gene expression across various cell and tissue types.
Area of Science:
- Genomics and Molecular Biology
- Gene Regulation and Expression
Background:
- A substantial portion of mammalian genomes encodes long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
- Research on lncRNA functions has surged, significantly advancing our understanding of gene and genome regulation.
- lncRNAs are now recognized as key players in various biological processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression.
- To highlight studies identifying lncRNAs in cellular and tissue homeostasis.
- To summarize the impact of lncRNAs on the expression of protein-coding and non-coding RNAs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating lncRNA functions.
- Analysis of identified mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated gene regulation.
- Synthesis of findings on lncRNAs in homeostasis and gene expression.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs regulate gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
- Mechanisms include binding to DNA, proteins, RNA polymerase II, mRNA, and modulating microRNA or enzyme activity.
- lncRNA transcription itself can be regulatory, not just the RNA product.
Conclusions:
- lncRNAs are critical regulators of gene expression with diverse functional roles.
- They are involved in maintaining homeostasis across various cell and tissue types.
- Further research continues to uncover the complexity of lncRNA functions in biological systems.
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