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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
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Cellular Therapy for Chronic Traumatic Brachial Plexus Injury.

Alok Sharma1, Hemangi Sane2, Nandini Gokulchandran1

  • 1Department of Medical Services and Clinical Research, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, New Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Advanced Biomedical Research
|April 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) show regenerative potential for neurological diseases. A case study demonstrated BMMNC therapy improved muscle strength and reinnervation in traumatic brachial plexus injury.

Keywords:
Autologousbone marrowbrachial plexus injuryelectromyographymononuclear cells

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cellular Therapy

Background:

  • Cellular therapy is a promising treatment for neurological diseases.
  • Stem cells possess angiogenetic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.
  • Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) are safe and show regenerative potential in neurological disorders.

Observation:

  • A 27-year-old male with traumatic brachial plexus injury received autologous BMMNCs intrathecally and intramuscularly.
  • The patient underwent multidisciplinary rehabilitation post-transplantation.
  • Improvements in muscle strength, movement, and EMG response were observed.

Findings:

  • Intrathecal and intramuscular BMMNC transplantation facilitated reinnervation in the biceps and deltoid muscles.
  • Muscle wasting ceased, and muscle girth increased after a second BMMNC transplantation.
  • Observed improvements were sustained for 4 years with no adverse effects.

Implications:

  • Autologous BMMNCs demonstrate therapeutic potential for traumatic brachial plexus injury.
  • Cellular therapy may offer a regenerative approach for neurological damage.
  • Further randomized studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of BMMNCs in similar injuries.