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A global climate niche for giant trees.

Marten Scheffer¹, Chi Xu², Stijn Hantson³

¹Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Global Change Biology

|April 17, 2018

Summary

Giant forests, defined by canopy height over 25 meters, are a universal phenomenon across climate zones. Their occurrence is linked to stable, high rainfall conditions, suggesting potential for expansion with strategic management.

Keywords:

LiDAR alternative ecosystem state canopy height precipitation temperate rainforest remote sensing resilience threshold tropical rainforest

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Forest Science
Climate Science

Background:

Tropical rainforests' climate change resilience is studied, but temperate rainforests are poorly understood.
The similarities and differences between tropical and temperate rainforests remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the global phenomenon of 'giant forests' across different climate zones.
To identify environmental conditions associated with the occurrence of giant forests.
To assess the potential impact of climate change on areas suitable for giant forests.

Main Methods:

Utilized global data from high-precision satellite laser altimetry.
Analyzed canopy height data to identify 'giant forests' (canopy height > 25 m).
Correlated giant forest occurrence with climate variables like rainfall variability, temperature variability, and mean annual precipitation.

Main Results:

Identified a distinct, universal mode of canopy height (~40 m) for giant forests worldwide.
Found that giant forests are negatively correlated with rainfall and temperature variability.
Demonstrated a universal threshold of 1,500 mm mean annual precipitation for giant forest distribution.

Conclusions:

Giant forests represent a distinct and universal ecological phenomenon.
Stable, high-precipitation environments are critical for the existence of giant forests.
Strategic management could facilitate the expansion of giant forests, enhancing biodiversity and carbon storage.