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Related Concept Videos

Coefficient of Variation01:10

Coefficient of Variation

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The coefficient of variation measures the dispersion of the data points or distribution around the mean. Using the coefficient of variation, we can compare two data series with drastically different means or different units of measurement. The coefficient of variation for a sample and a population is expressed as a percentage of the ratio of standard deviation to the mean.
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The correlation coefficient, r, developed by Karl Pearson in the early 1900s, is numerical and provides a measure of strength and direction of the linear association between the independent variable x and the dependent variable y.
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The confidence coefficient is also known as the confidence level or degree of confidence. It is the percent expression for the probability, 1-α, that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter assuming that the confidence interval is obtained after sufficient unbiased sampling; for example, if the CL = 90%, then in 90 out of 100 samples the interval estimate will enclose the true population parameter. Here α is the area under the curve, distributed equally under...
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Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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Internal Receptors

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Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.
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Thermodynamics: Activity Coefficient01:24

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Activity is the measure of the effective concentration of the species in solution. It can be expressed as the product of the molar concentration of the species and its activity coefficient. The activity coefficient is a dimensionless quantity and depends on the total ionic strength of the solution.
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Determination of the Friction Coefficients of Icy Pavements Under Different Amounts of Snowfall
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ICRP Task Group 95: internal dose coefficients.

F Paquet1, J Harrison2

  • 1a IRSN, PSE ENV SRTE, BP3, 13115 Saint Paul lez Durance, Cedex, France.

Annals of the ICRP
|April 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) updates biokinetic and dosimetric models for calculating internal radiation doses. These revised models improve accuracy in assessing occupational and public exposure to radionuclides.

Keywords:
Dose coefficientsInternal dosimetry

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Area of Science:

  • Radiological Protection
  • Radiation Dosimetry
  • Nuclear Medicine

Background:

  • Internal radiation dose assessment relies on biokinetic and dosimetric models.
  • These models simulate radionuclide behavior post-intake and energy absorption.
  • The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) provides essential dose coefficients and bioassay functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revise and enhance biokinetic and dosimetric models for greater physiological realism.
  • To update dose coefficients and bioassay data for accurate internal dose calculations.
  • To replace outdated ICRP publications with comprehensive guidance on radionuclide exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Development and refinement of biokinetic models for radionuclide uptake, retention, and excretion.
  • Application of dosimetric models to calculate energy absorption from nuclear transformations.
  • Issuance of new publications (OIR Parts 1-3) detailing updated models and data.

Main Results:

  • Publication of revised biokinetic and dosimetric models for improved internal dose assessment.
  • Introduction of new dose coefficients and bioassay functions.
  • Release of Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides (OIR) series, updating guidance for occupational exposure.

Conclusions:

  • The updated ICRP models offer more realistic representations of radionuclide behavior in the body.
  • These advancements are crucial for accurate internal dose assessment in occupational and public settings.
  • Ongoing revisions ensure the ICRP's guidance remains current with scientific understanding.