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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

462
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
462
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

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The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
275
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

262
A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
262
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

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The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
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Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors01:18

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug-Related Factors

492
Drug binding to proteins is a complex phenomenon influenced by various drug-related factors, each playing a significant role in the interaction between drugs and proteins within the body.
One crucial factor in drug-protein binding is the drug's lipophilicity or its affinity for fat. More lipophilic drugs tend to have higher binding extents. For example, highly lipophilic drugs like cloxacillin exhibit substantial protein binding, with as much as 95% of the drug binding to proteins. In...
492

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

A Rapid and Quantitative Fluorimetric Method for Protein-Targeting Small Molecule Drug Screening
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[Why are new drugs so expensive?]

Catherine Le Galès1

  • 1Centre de recherche médecine, sciences, santé, santé mentale, société (CERMES3), Inserm U 988, CNRS UMR 8211, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, université Paris Descartes, 7, rue Guy Môquet, 94801 Villejuif Cedex, France.

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|April 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Recent pharmaceutical innovations, including targeted therapies, are increasing drug prices. This necessitates a reevaluation of pricing, reimbursement, and regulation to ensure the sustainability of social protection systems.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical industry
  • Health economics
  • Public policy

Background:

  • Recent pharmaceutical innovations are diversifying products, with a focus on niche markets like targeted therapies and rare diseases.
  • These innovations are associated with significantly higher market prices compared to previous pharmaceuticals.
  • High profit margins observed, coupled with a lack of clear correlation between price and therapeutic benefit, raise concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the pricing and reimbursement challenges posed by recent pharmaceutical innovations.
  • To analyze the impact of these innovations on the financial sustainability of social protection systems.
  • To explore potential regulatory reforms for the pharmaceutical sector.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pharmaceutical market trends and pricing strategies.

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  • Review of existing regulatory frameworks in France.
  • Exploration of potential policy interventions for cost containment.

    • Main Results:

    • Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly focusing on high-priced niche products.
    • Current pricing and reimbursement strategies are straining social protection budgets.
    • Existing regulations struggle to address the complexities of the transformed pharmaceutical market.

    Conclusions:

    • The current system faces challenges in regulating the pricing of innovative pharmaceuticals.
    • There is a need for reform in national evaluation and regulation systems to ensure equitable access and financial sustainability.
    • Exploring alternative regulations like statutory licenses and group purchasing may be necessary.