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Updated: Feb 11, 2026
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Intraoperative Gastroscopy for Tumor Localization in Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Published on: August 9, 2016
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Umbilical Microbiome and Laparoscopic Surgery: A Descriptive Clinical Study.
Alberto Aiolfi1, Emanuele Asti1, Elena Costa2
11 Department of Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, University of Milan Medical School , San Donato Milanese, Italy .
Summary
The umbilicus is a safe entry site for laparoscopic surgery, with similar bacterial colonization to other abdominal areas. Meticulous hygiene is crucial before procedures to prevent surgical site infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Surgical Innovation
- Infection Control
Background:
- The human skin microbiome harbors diverse bacteria, including potential pathogens.
- The umbilicus, a humid environment, is prone to bacterial colonization.
- With the rise of laparoscopic surgery, the umbilicus is a common peritoneal entry site.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the umbilical microflora before antiseptic skin preparation.
- To compare umbilical bacterial colonization with other surgical sites.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive, single-center study included 70 patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
- Microbiological samples were collected from the umbilicus, left upper quadrant, and nostril pre-antiseptic preparation.
- Patients with delayed sample referral (>30 minutes) were excluded.
Main Results:
- Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium were the most common umbilical bacteria.
- Opportunistic pathogens were found in 14.2% of umbilical swabs and 11.4% of left upper quadrant swabs (p=0.800).
- No postoperative surgical site infections were recorded in the study sample.
Conclusions:
- The umbilicus is a safe entry site for laparoscopic surgery, comparable to the left upper quadrant.
- Meticulous hygiene of the umbilicus and surgical site is essential prior to procedures.
- Preoperative in-hospital showers may not be necessary for well-informed patients.
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