Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

700
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
700
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

62.5K
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
62.5K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

18.5K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
18.5K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

6.7K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.7K
Energy Balance01:19

Energy Balance

1.3K
The human body gets energy from the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Energy is released when the chemical bonds in the organic compounds present in the food are broken down. The energy content of food is measured in kilocalories (kcal), defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This value is determined by measuring the temperature change of the water surrounding a calorimeter after the complete...
1.3K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

749
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
749

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Purkinje cell development and degeneration in the spastic Han-Wistar rat model of ataxia.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

BRCA1 c.68_69del as a founder variant in the Spanish Roma: prevalence and screening implications.

European journal of human genetics : EJHG·2026
Same author

On the Edge of Empire: Paleogenomic Insights into Roman Dacia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The evolutionary history and unique genetic diversity of Indigenous Americans.

Nature·2026
Same author

Temporal shifts in polygenic traits track major epidemics in Western Eurasia.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The Genomic Legacy of the Norman Conquest in Rural England.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

5.1K

Searching for ancient balanced polymorphisms shared between Neanderthals and Modern Humans.

Lucas Henriques Viscardi1, Vanessa Rodrigues Paixão-Côrtes2, David Comas3

  • 1Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Genetics and Molecular Biology
|April 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Balancing selection maintained shared genetic variations (trans-SNPs) in human evolution, particularly in immune genes linked to schizophrenia. This suggests a shared genetic basis for immune and behavioral systems predating human divergence.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring Behavioral Pathways Through Cross-Species Insights in Foraging and Communication
03:53

Author Spotlight: Exploring Behavioral Pathways Through Cross-Species Insights in Foraging and Communication

Published on: November 17, 2023

1.6K
Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

5.1K
Author Spotlight: Exploring Behavioral Pathways Through Cross-Species Insights in Foraging and Communication
03:53

Author Spotlight: Exploring Behavioral Pathways Through Cross-Species Insights in Foraging and Communication

Published on: November 17, 2023

1.6K
Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Human genetics
  • Paleogenomics

Background:

  • Hominin evolution involved adaptive behavioral and cognitive changes.
  • Balancing selection may have shaped genes related to these traits.
  • Shared polymorphisms (trans-SNPs) across Homo species can indicate long-lasting selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of balancing selection in human evolution.
  • Analyze trans-SNPs in immune (IMMS) and behavioral (BEHS) gene sets.
  • Compare modern (Homo sapiens) and archaic humans (Neanderthals, Denisovans).

Main Methods:

  • Exome data analysis from modern and archaic humans.
  • Identification and quantification of trans-SNPs in IMMS and BEHS.
  • Association analysis with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Results:

  • Significant excess of trans-SNPs found in the immune system gene set (IMMS).
  • Six IMMS trans-SNPs located in genes associated with schizophrenia.
  • No excess trans-SNPs in behavioral system genes (BEHS), but five genes showed potential balancing selection signals linked to psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Balancing selection likely played a role in maintaining genetic repertoire common to immune and behavioral systems.
  • This selection predates the split between archaic and modern humans.
  • Evidence suggests a link between immune system genes, balancing selection, and psychiatric diseases like schizophrenia.