Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Absorption of Nutrients

Absorption of Nutrients

Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

Roles of Electrolytes: Chloride and Bicarbonate

Chloride ions contribute to the osmotic pressure gradient distinguishing the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF). They counterbalance positively charged ions in the ECF and ensure its electrochemical stability. The renal system's process of chloride absorption and release generally mirrors that of sodium ions.
Conditions such as hypochloremia can arise from insufficient chloride reabsorption by the kidneys, often compounded by extended bouts of diarrhea, vomiting,...

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.

Toxic Reactions: Overview

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Water and Mineral Acquisition

Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.

The Soil Ecosystem

The Soil Ecosystem

Plants obtain inorganic minerals and water from the soil, which acts as a natural medium for land plants. The composition and quality of soil depend not only on the chemical constituents but also on the presence of living organisms. In general, soils contain three major components:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Assessing plant water status: Part 2 - Non-destructive and remote sensing approaches.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026

Same author

Assessing plant water status: Part 1 - Classical methods.

Journal of the science of food and agriculture·2026

Same author

Minimally invasive quantitative tracking of minerals, sugars, amino acids, and hormones in the leaf apoplast of Arabidopsis thaliana and Vicia faba.

Journal of experimental botany·2026

Same author

Nano-selenium coordinates plant-microbiome redox for sustainable crops.

Trends in plant science·2026

Same author

Apoplastic pH modulates gene expression, proteome, and ABA content in Vicia faba guard cells, accompanied by reduced stomatal aperture under salt stress.

Journal of experimental botany·2026

Same author

Trehalose 6-phosphate as master switch for optimizing crop yield and resilience.

Trends in biotechnology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements

Published on: July 13, 2016

Chloride: from Nutrient to Toxicant.

Christoph-Martin Geilfus¹

¹Controlled Environment Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.

Plant & Cell Physiology

|April 17, 2018

Summary

Chloride (Cl-) toxicity in salinized soils harms salt-sensitive plants (glycophytes), causing chlorosis and necrosis. Understanding Cl- stress mechanisms and plant tolerance strategies is crucial for food security.

More Related Videos

Measuring Fluxes of Mineral Nutrients and Toxicants in Plants with Radioactive Tracers

Measuring Fluxes of Mineral Nutrients and Toxicants in Plants with Radioactive Tracers

Published on: August 22, 2014

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements

Published on: July 13, 2016

Measuring Fluxes of Mineral Nutrients and Toxicants in Plants with Radioactive Tracers

Measuring Fluxes of Mineral Nutrients and Toxicants in Plants with Radioactive Tracers

Published on: August 22, 2014

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

A Model of Chronic Nutrient Infusion in the Rat

Published on: August 14, 2013

Area of Science:

Plant physiology
Soil science
Agricultural science

Background:

Chloride (Cl-) salinity in soils significantly impairs the growth of glycophytes, leading to chlorotic and necrotic symptoms and reduced crop yields.
The molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying Cl- toxicity and the adaptive strategies for Cl- tolerance in plants remain poorly understood.
Understanding these factors is critical as Cl- salinity poses a threat to global food security.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose mechanistic explanations for plant responses to Cl- induced stress.
To review novel strategies employed by glycophytic plants to avoid excessive Cl- accumulation.
To identify research gaps and suggest future experiments to address Cl- salinity challenges.

Main Methods:

This study is primarily a review and theoretical proposal, synthesizing existing knowledge.
Mechanistic explanations for Cl- induced stress responses are proposed.
Novel adaptive strategies for Cl- tolerance are reviewed and discussed.

Main Results:

Proposed mechanistic explanations for Cl- induced stress responses in glycophytes.
Reviewed adaptive strategies for avoiding excessive Cl- accumulation in plants.
Identified critical knowledge gaps in understanding Cl- toxicity and tolerance.

Conclusions:

Further research into the molecular and physiological mechanisms of Cl- toxicity is urgently needed.
Developing strategies for enhancing plant tolerance to Cl- salinity is essential for mitigating its impact on food security.
Investigating plant adaptive mechanisms can provide insights for breeding salt-tolerant crops.