Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.

The Bohr Model

The Bohr Model

Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the...

Stereotype Content Model

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

Compartment Models: Two-Compartment Model

The two-compartment model divides the body into central and peripheral compartments to account for varying blood perfusion rates among organs and tissues, affecting drug distribution. The central compartment includes blood and highly perfused tissues with rapid drug distribution, while the peripheral compartment contains tissues with slower drug distribution. After a single IV bolus dose, the drug concentration is high in plasma and low in tissues. The drug distribution between compartments...

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

Clearance Models: Physiological Models

Drug clearance is a critical pharmacokinetic process involving the irreversible removal of drugs from the body through various organs over a specified time period. Physiological models are indispensable in determining organ-specific clearance, defined by the proportion of the drug eliminated per unit of time from the organ's blood volume.
The organ's clearance rate depends on the blood flow to the organ and the extraction ratio (E). The extraction ratio describes the organ's...

Clearance Models: Compartment Models

Clearance Models: Compartment Models

Clearance measures drug elimination from the central compartment, including plasma and highly perfused organs like kidneys and liver. Its calculation varies depending on pharmacokinetic models and administration routes. The one-compartment model, for instance, portrays the pharmacokinetics of polar drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics administered intravenously and readily excreted in urine. In this case, clearance is influenced by the terminal rate constant (λz) and the total volume...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Blood-Based Biomarkers Predict Cerebral Palsy and Cognitive Delay in Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the HEAL Randomized Controlled Trial.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026

Same author

Neuroprotection with delayed maturation of oligodendrocytes after therapeutic hypothermia for mild cerebral ischemia in near-term fetal sheep.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026

Same author

Brain metabolomic profiling reveals ischemia-dominant disruption of metabolic pathways and tissue homeostasis in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Mechanistically informed circulating biomarkers are associated with acquired epilepsy after neonatal brain injury.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

Multi-modal screening for synergistic neuroprotection of mild extremely preterm brain injury.

Bioengineering & translational medicine·2026

Same author

Alpha-adrenergic mediated changes in blood pressure variability after hypoxia-ischaemia in preterm fetal sheep.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

Published on: December 16, 2022

A working model for hypothermic neuroprotection.

Guido Wassink¹, Joanne O Davidson¹, Christopher A Lear¹

¹Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

The Journal of Physiology

|April 17, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Therapeutic hypothermia improves outcomes for newborns with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Further improvements may come from late interventions that restore the cellular environment after cooling.

Keywords:

encephalopathy hypothermia hypoxia-ischaemia neuroprotection

More Related Videos

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: July 31, 2017

Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning

Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning

Published on: September 2, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

Establishment of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Rats

Published on: December 16, 2022

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Experimental Models to Study the Neuroprotection of Acidic Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: July 31, 2017

Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning

Strategies for Study of Neuroprotection from Cold-preconditioning

Published on: September 2, 2010

Area of Science:

Neonatal neurology
Neurocritical care
Perinatal medicine

Background:

Therapeutic hypothermia is standard care for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Current hypothermia protocols provide incomplete neuroprotection.
Understanding hypothermia's mechanisms is crucial for enhancing outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms of hypothermic neuroprotection in neonatal HIE.
To identify limitations and potential strategies for improving therapeutic hypothermia outcomes.
To propose a model for optimizing hypothermia duration and adjunctive therapies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on therapeutic hypothermia and neonatal HIE.
Analysis of cellular death pathways and recovery mechanisms.
Synthesis of evidence regarding potential augmentation strategies.

Main Results:

Hypothermia suppresses extracellular death signals, including apoptotic/necrotic pathways and microglial activation.
Optimal hypothermia balances suppression of cell death with recovery of the cellular environment.
Late interventions targeting cellular recovery may enhance neuroprotection.

Conclusions:

Further improvements in hypothermic neuroprotection require interventions that support cellular environment recovery.
Late-acting therapies like erythropoietin or stem cells show promise.
Interventions targeting overlapping mechanisms with hypothermia may not significantly improve outcomes.