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Polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders correlates with executive function in typical development.

A J Schork1,2,3, T T Brown2,3,4, D J Hagler3,5

  • 1Department of Cognitive Sciences, UC San Diego, San Diego, California.

Genes, Brain, and Behavior
|April 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic factors influencing executive functions in children overlap with those for psychiatric disorders. Autism risk correlated with better performance on cognitive tasks, while depression risk linked to poorer performance.

Keywords:
autismdepressiondevelopmentexecutive functionneuropsychologypolygenic risk scores

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions are crucial cognitive abilities frequently impaired in psychiatric disorders.
  • These functions exhibit moderate to high heritability, yet underlying molecular genetic factors remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding the genetic overlap between executive functions and psychiatric disorders is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders and executive functioning in typically developing children.
  • To explore potential shared genetic underpinnings between executive function variability and psychiatric disorder predisposition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polygenic risk scores derived from large genome-wide association studies of psychiatric disorders.
  • Assessed executive functioning in children using standardized cognitive tests, including the Dimensional Change Card Sort, Flanker, and Penn Conditional Exclusion Test.
  • Examined associations in a discovery sample (N=417) and replicated findings in an independent cohort (N=3681).

Main Results:

  • Polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder was associated with enhanced performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort test, particularly in younger children.
  • Polygenic risk for major depressive disorder was linked to diminished performance on the Flanker test, an association replicated on the Penn Conditional Exclusion Test.
  • These findings suggest a partial overlap in molecular genetic factors influencing executive function and psychiatric disorder risk.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular genetic factors contributing to executive function variability in typically developing children are partially shared with those associated with psychiatric disorders.
  • This research provides insights into the genetic architecture connecting cognitive abilities and mental health.
  • Further large-scale studies and replication are necessary to solidify these findings.