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Phloem physics: mechanisms, constraints, and perspectives.

Kaare H Jensen1

  • 1Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|April 17, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Plants use phloem vascular tissue to transport sugars and signals. This paper reviews phloem biomechanics and physical limits influencing plant sugar transport and function.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Plants possess specialized vascular tissues, including phloem, for transport of essential resources and signals.
  • Phloem facilitates the movement of sugars from source (leaves) to sink tissues (e.g., roots, flowers).
  • Beyond sugars, phloem also transports crucial signaling molecules like hormones and RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent research on phloem biomechanics.
  • To discuss the physical constraints that shape phloem anatomy and function.
  • To highlight the relevance of physical processes in plant sugar transport.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research in phloem biomechanics.
  • Analysis of physical principles governing phloem transport.

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  • Synthesis of current perspectives on phloem function and limitations.

    • Main Results:

    • Phloem anatomy and function are significantly constrained by basic physical processes.
    • Biomechanics plays a critical role in understanding the efficiency and limitations of sugar transport.
    • Recent research offers new insights into the physical basis of phloem activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding phloem biomechanics is essential for comprehending plant resource allocation.
    • Physical constraints dictate the capacity and mechanisms of long-distance transport in plants.
    • Further research into phloem physical limitations can inform plant science and agriculture.