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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • The posterror slowing (PES) effect, where response times increase after an error, is often linked to cognitive control.
  • Contradictory findings regarding PES and posterror accuracy challenge this direct relationship.
  • Understanding posterror adjustments is crucial for cognitive control and error monitoring research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate behavioral adjustments following errors beyond simple response time changes.
  • To determine if cognitive control is engaged after errors, even when accuracy decreases.
  • To explore the utility of response time distribution analysis in error monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a mental arithmetic task under varying accuracy-tracking conditions.
  • Response times (RT) and accuracy were recorded for both posterror and postcorrect trials.
  • Analysis focused on RT distribution characteristics, including symmetry, in addition to mean RT and accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Both Experiments 1 and 2 showed participants were slower and less accurate after errors.
  • Posterror trials exhibited a more symmetrical RT distribution compared to postcorrect trials.
  • This change in RT distribution suggests a shift in processing mode after errors.

Conclusions:

  • Behavior is adjusted after errors, indicated by changes in RT distribution, not just slowing.
  • Cognitive control and error monitoring are linked, even when posterror accuracy is reduced.
  • RT distribution measures offer a valuable tool for future error-monitoring research.