Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation
Published on: April 15, 2011
A novel orange-colored bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay using monomeric Kusabira-Orange protein
Yuta Fujii1, Ayaka Yoshimura1, Yutaka Kodama1
1Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan.
Abstract:
The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was developed as a tool for the visualization of protein-protein interactions in living cells. To date, many types of BiFC systems with distinct colors have been developed. Most of the colors in the visible spectrum have been used in BiFC assays, with the exception of orange. In this study, we developed an orange-colored BiFC system using the Kusabira-Orange (KO) protein from the stony coral Fungia concinna. To obtain bright BiFC fluorescence, we compared fluorescence intensities of two monomeric KO variants (mKO1 and mKO2) and identified mKO2 as brighter than mKO1. The optimal split site for mKO2-based BiFC was defined by a comparative analysis of complementation efficiency and a signal-to-noise ratio. The resulting mKO2-based BiFC system successfully demonstrated protein dimerization in plant cells as a model experiment. The novel mKO2-based BiFC system will expand the possibility of multicolor BiFC analysis.
More Related Videos
10:39Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC Assay for Protein-Protein Interaction in Onion Cells Using the Helios Gene Gun
Published on: June 12, 2010
08:21Detection of Protein Interactions in Plant using a Gateway Compatible Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation BiFC System
Published on: September 16, 2011
Related Concept Videos
Complement System
Complementation Tests
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Colors and Magnetism
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
Color Vision
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...