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Related Concept Videos

Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

718
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
718
Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

981
Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
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Eccentric Loading01:16

Eccentric Loading

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Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under...
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Load along a Single Axis01:29

Load along a Single Axis

648
In structural engineering, the analysis of beams subjected to varying loads is a critical aspect of understanding the behavior and performance of these structural elements. A common scenario involves a beam subjected to a combination of different load distributions.
Consider a beam of length L subjected to a varying load, which is a combination of parabolic and trapezoidal load distribution along the x-axis. In this case, it is essential to determine the resultant loads, their locations, and...
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Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

597
To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....
597
General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading01:12

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

535
Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles
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Antifouling zwitterionic dextran micelles for efficient loading DOX.

Xiaotian Wu1, Xiaofeng Chen1, Peibo Hu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, PR China.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|April 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New carboxybetaine-modified dextran-polycaprolactone (CB-Dex-PCL) copolymers show promise as doxorubicin (DOX) nanocarriers. These micelles offer enhanced antifouling properties and controlled drug release for potential cancer treatment.

Keywords:
DextranDrug nanocarrierIsothermal titration microcalorimetryPolycaprolactoneZwitterionic

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Polysaccharide derivatives are utilized as drug nanocarriers due to their non-toxic and biodegradable nature.
  • Protein fouling remains a significant challenge for all drug delivery systems, impacting their efficacy.
  • Developing advanced nanocarriers with improved antifouling properties is crucial for effective therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize carboxybetaine-modified dextran-polycaprolactone (CB-Dex-PCL) copolymers.
  • To evaluate the potential of these copolymers as doxorubicin (DOX) nanocarriers.
  • To assess the antifouling properties and biocompatibility of the developed nanocarriers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of carboxybetaine-modified dextran-polycaprolactone (CB-Dex-PCL) copolymers.
  • Formation of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles.
  • Assessment of cumulative drug release at different pH values (5.2 and 7.4).
  • Evaluation of antifouling properties using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) with fibrinogen and lysozyme.
  • Cytotoxicity tests on Hela cells.

Main Results:

  • DOX/CB-Dex-PCL micelles demonstrated enhanced cumulative drug release at pH 5.2 compared to pH 7.4.
  • Carboxybetaine functionalization significantly improved the antifouling properties of dextran micelles against protein adsorption.
  • Cytotoxicity tests indicated excellent biocompatibility of both CB-Dex-PCL and DOX-loaded micelles.
  • The developed nanocarriers showed potential for targeted tumor cell killing with reduced toxicity to normal tissues.

Conclusions:

  • CB-Dex-PCL copolymers represent a promising platform for developing advanced nanocarriers.
  • The enhanced antifouling and controlled release characteristics make these micelles suitable for doxorubicin delivery.
  • These findings suggest that CB-Dex-PCL micelles are potentially excellent drug carriers for human cancerous tumor treatment.
  • Further research is warranted to explore their in vivo efficacy and therapeutic potential.