The functional organization of cortical feedback inputs to primary visual cortex

Cortical feedback is thought to mediate cognitive processes like attention, prediction, and awareness. Understanding its function requires identifying the organizational logic of feedback axons relaying different signals. We measured retinotopic specificity in inputs from the lateromedial visual area in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) by mapping receptive fields in feedback boutons and relating them to those of neurons in their vicinity. Lateromedial visual area inputs in layer 1 targeted, on average, retinotopically matched locations in V1, but many of them relayed distal visual information. Orientation-selective axons overspread around the retinotopically matched location perpendicularly to their preferred orientation. Direction-selective axons were biased to visual areas shifted from the retinotopically matched position along the angle of their antipreferred direction. Our results show that feedback inputs show tuning-dependent retinotopic specificity. By targeting locations that would be activated by stimuli orthogonal to or opposite to a cell's own tuning, feedback could potentially enhance visual representations in time and space.