Uranium transport in acidic brines under reducing conditions

The behavior of uranium in environments, ranging from those of natural systems responsible for the formation of uranium deposits to those of nuclear reactors providing 11% of the world's electricity, is governed by processes involving high-temperature aqueous solutions. It has been well documented that uranium is mobile in aqueous solutions in its oxidized, U⁶⁺ state, whereas in its reduced, U⁴⁺ state, uranium has been assumed to be immobile. Here, we present experimental evidence from high temperature (>100 °C) acidic brines that invalidates this assumption. Our experiments have identified a new uranium chloride species (UCl₄°) that is more stable under reducing than oxidized conditions. These results indicate that uranium is mobile under reducing conditions and necessitate a re-evaluation of the mobility of uranium, particularly in ore deposit models involving this metal. Regardless of the scenario considered, reducing conditions can no longer be considered a guarantee of uranium immobility.