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Unaccounted Workload Factor: Game-Day Pitch Counts in High School Baseball Pitchers-An Observational Study
Jason L Zaremski1,2, Giorgio Zeppieri2, Deborah L Jones2
1Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|April 18, 2018
Summary
High school pitchers throw 42% more pitches than recorded, including warm-ups and bullpen sessions. Monitoring these additional pitches is crucial for preventing arm injuries in young baseball players.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Baseball Performance Analysis
Background:
- High school baseball pitchers face a high risk of throwing-related injuries.
- Known risk factors include excessive pitch counts and pitching while fatigued.
- Pitching injury rates have not decreased despite awareness of risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the unaccounted pitch volume in high school baseball pitchers during game-day outings.
- To quantify pitches thrown during warm-up and bullpen sessions.
- To assess the variability in bullpen pitch counts among players.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2017 baseball season.
- Researchers monitored pitch counts from 34 high schools in North Central Florida.
- All pitches thrown off a mound during varsity games were recorded.
Main Results:
- A total of 13,769 pitches were recorded across 115 starting pitcher outings.
- Warm-up and bullpen pitches accounted for 42.4% of the total pitches thrown (119.7 ± 27.8 per game).
- Significant variability was observed in bullpen pitch counts, with a wide range among players.
Conclusions:
- Current pitch count monitoring in high school baseball overlooks substantial pitching volume from warm-ups and bullpens.
- Unaccounted pitches during warm-up and bullpen activity contribute significantly to overuse.
- Close monitoring of all pitches is essential to mitigate overuse injury risk in young pitchers.
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