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Related Concept Videos

Solution Formation02:16

Solution Formation

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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
This selective...
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model01:07

Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model

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In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
12.1K
Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

99.2K
Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
99.2K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

12.8K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
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The Soft Agar Colony Formation Assay
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Structure formation in soft nanocolloids: liquid-drop model.

A-K Doukas1, C N Likos, P Ziherl

  • 1JoŽef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. andreas.doukas@ijs.si.

Soft Matter
|April 18, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models soft nanocolloids as compressible drops, revealing pairwise additive interactions at small deformations and complex many-body interactions leading to diverse condensed phases at high compressions.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Polymer science
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Soft nanocolloids, like polymer brushes and star polymers, exhibit complex behaviors due to their unique structures.
  • Understanding inter-particle interactions is crucial for predicting the bulk properties of these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the contact interactions between soft nanocolloids modeled as compressible liquid drops.
  • To develop a model that explains the observed phase behavior of polymeric nanocolloids.

Main Methods:

  • A phenomenological free energy model including bulk and surface terms was developed.
  • Numerical minimization of the free energy was performed to explore interaction regimes.
  • Statistical-mechanical arguments were used to link model parameters to molecular characteristics.

Main Results:

  • At small deformations, interactions are pairwise additive and follow a power law.
  • A rich phase diagram emerges at large deformations, driven by many-body interactions and non-convex free energy.
  • The model predicts common condensed phases like face- and body-centered-cubic and hexagonal lattices.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a generic framework for understanding the phase behavior of polymeric nanocolloids under compression.
  • Model parameters correlate with molecular architecture, chain rigidity, and solvent quality.
  • The study highlights the importance of many-body effects in the large-deformation regime.