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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.0K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Spatial Measurements of Perfusion, Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Liposomes Accumulation in Solid Tumors
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Spatial Measurements of Perfusion, Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Liposomes Accumulation in Solid Tumors

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Advances in Tumor Targeted Liposomes.

A Jain1, Jain2

  • 1Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road, Mathura (U.P.) 281 406, India.

Current Molecular Medicine
|April 18, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liposomes offer a promising solution for targeted cancer chemotherapy. These nanocarriers can be engineered for enhanced drug delivery, improving treatment efficacy and safety for cancer patients.

Keywords:
CancerEPR effectPEGylationactive targetinganticancer agentschemotherapyligand.

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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer treatment faces challenges in safe and effective drug delivery to tumor cells.
  • The tumor microenvironment is increasingly utilized for targeted chemotherapy.
  • Liposomes are versatile nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in developing liposomes for targeted cancer therapy.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing drug delivery specificity and efficacy.
  • To provide insights for designing novel cancer-targeted liposomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect for passive targeting.
  • Incorporating tumor-selective ligands (e.g., folate, transferrin, peptides) for active targeting.
  • Investigating stimuli-responsive "smart" liposomes triggered by pH, temperature, enzymes, magnetic fields, ultrasound, and redox potential.

Main Results:

  • Surface modification and PEGylation of liposomes reduce immunogenicity and increase target specificity.
  • Targeted liposomes exploit the EPR effect and specific ligands to accumulate at tumor sites.
  • Stimuli-responsive liposomes enable controlled drug release within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Liposomes represent a significant advancement in targeted cancer drug delivery.
  • Combining EPR effect, active targeting ligands, and stimuli-responsiveness optimizes liposomal drug delivery.
  • This review offers valuable knowledge for researchers and formulators in cancer nanomedicine.