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Published on: November 11, 2013
An O3-type Oxide with Low Sodium Content as the Phase-Transition-Free Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Chenglong Zhao1, Maxim Avdeev2, Liquan Chen1
1Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
Abstract:
Layered transition metal oxides Nax MO2 (M=transition metal) with P2 or O3 structure have attracted attention in sodium-ion batteries (NIBs). A universal law is found to distinguish structural competition between P2 and O3 types based on the ratio of interlayer distances of the alkali metal layer d(O-Na-O) and transition-metal layer d(O-M-O) . The ratio of about 1.62 can be used as an indicator. O3-type Na0.66 Mg0.34 Ti0.66 O2 oxide is prepared as a stable anode for NIBs, in which the low Na-content (ca. 0.66) usually undergoes a P2-type structure with respect to Nax MO2 . This material delivers an available capacity of about 98 mAh g-1 within a voltage range of 0.4-2.0 V and exhibits a better cycling stability (ca. 94.2 % of capacity retention after 128 cycles). In situ X-ray diffraction reveals a single-phase reaction in the discharge-charge process, which is different from the common phase transitions reported in O3-type electrodes, ensuring long-term cycling stability.
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