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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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    Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) was identified in a sick horse in India. The presence of EEV is concerning due to the abundance of biting midges that transmit the virus.

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Arthropod-borne Viruses
    • Equine Health

    Background:

    • Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a significant pathogen affecting horses.
    • The natural maintenance and transmission cycles of EEV involve Culicoides midge vectors.
    • Previous EEV surveillance data from India was limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and characterize the causative agent of an equine neurological disease outbreak in India.
    • To assess the potential risk of EEV establishment and spread in India.

    Main Methods:

    • Viral isolation from clinical samples of affected horses.
    • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) for viral genome analysis.
    • Identification of potential EEV vectors in the region.

    Main Results:

    • Next-generation sequencing confirmed the isolated virus as equine encephalosis virus (EEV).
    • The identified EEV strain was isolated from a horse exhibiting clinical signs consistent with EEV infection.
    • Several species of Culicoides midges, known vectors of EEV, are indigenous to India.

    Conclusions:

    • This finding represents the first molecular confirmation of EEV in India.
    • The presence of EEV and competent vectors poses a significant threat to equine health in India.
    • Further surveillance and vector control strategies are warranted to mitigate EEV spread.