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Author Spotlight: Innovative Microneedle-Based Strategies for Enhanced Exosome Delivery and Stability

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Mechanisms of sampling interstitial fluid from skin using a microneedle patch.

Pradnya P Samant¹, Mark R Prausnitz²

¹School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|April 19, 2018

Summary

Microneedle (MN) patches efficiently collect over 1 µL of interstitial fluid (ISF) from skin within 20 minutes. This breakthrough enables minimally invasive collection of valuable biomarkers for research and medical applications.

Keywords:

biomarker dermal interstitial fluid sampling medical diagnostics microneedle patch skin

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Dermatology
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Interstitial fluid (ISF) contains significant physiological and medical biomarkers.
Current ISF sampling methods are limited, collecting only nanoliter volumes and hindering clinical applications.
Simple, high-volume ISF collection techniques are needed for research and diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze and optimize interstitial fluid (ISF) transport from skin using microneedle (MN) patches.
To demonstrate the collection of clinically relevant volumes of ISF using an optimized MN patch system.
To evaluate different ISF transport mechanisms and identify rate-limiting steps for efficient sampling.

Main Methods:

Experimental analysis of ISF transport in pig cadaver skin using MN patches with varying needle designs (solid, porous, hollow).
Theoretical modeling of ISF transport dynamics, including skin penetration, interface transfer, and microneedle transport.
Development and testing of a suction-driven MN patch prototype for ISF collection in human subjects.

Main Results:

Optimized MN patches collected >1 µL of ISF within 20 minutes in both pig skin and human subjects.
ISF collection efficiency was found to be pressure-driven convection > osmosis > capillary action > diffusion.
Theoretical modeling confirmed that dermal transport is the rate-limiting step for ISF sampling.
Biomarkers were successfully identified in ISF collected from human volunteers using the MN patch.

Conclusions:

Microneedle patches provide a simple, effective method for collecting clinically relevant volumes of interstitial fluid.
Suction-driven MN systems offer a promising approach for minimally invasive ISF sampling.
This technology has the potential to significantly advance biomarker discovery and clinical monitoring.