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Tumor progression: the neuronal input.

Marco Arese1,2, Federico Bussolino1,3, Margherita Pergolizzi1,2

  • 1Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Turin, Italy.

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Peripheral nerves influence cancer progression and metastasis through neurotransmitters. Targeting these tumor-nerve connections offers a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies via drug repurposing.

Keywords:
Tumor-nervous connections (TNCs)drug repurposingneurotransmitterstumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer's heterogeneity necessitates novel therapeutic targets.
  • The tumor microenvironment, including nerves, significantly impacts cancer progression.
  • Peripheral nerves play a crucial role in modulating cancer cell behavior and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate connections between peripheral nerves and cancer.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which nerves influence tumor growth and spread.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting tumor-nervous system interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on tumor-nerve interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving neurotransmitters, neurotrophic factors, and axon guidance molecules.
  • Discussion of perineural invasion and neoneurogenesis in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral nerves are essential for tumor initiation and growth.
  • Neurotransmitters released by nerves activate receptors on cancer cells, influencing tumor progression.
  • Tumor-nerve interactions involve neurotrophic factors, axon guidance molecules, and neurotransmitters.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting tumor-nervous system interactions presents a novel therapeutic strategy.
  • Drug repurposing of existing neurotransmitter-targeting drugs offers a cost-effective approach.
  • Understanding these connections may explain the impact of psychological factors on cancer burden.