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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Whole-Body Nanoparticle Aerosol Inhalation Exposures
Published on: May 7, 2013
[Methemoglobinemia after inhalation of poppers]
U Janssens1, S Hillen2, T Janssens3
1Klinik für Innere Medizin und Internistische Intensivmedizin, St.-Antonius-Hospital, Dechant-Deckers-Str. 8, 52249, Eschweiler, Deutschland. uwe.janssens@sah-eschweiler.de.
Background:
This case report presents a case of symptomatic methemoglobinemia (MetHb 31.6%) after inhalation of volatile nitrites (poppers).
Methods:
The patient's medical history and symptoms are discussed together with pathophysiology of methemoglobinemia, diagnostics, and antidote therapy. Pulse oxymetry, arterial blood gas analysis, and CO-oximetry receive particular attention as well as antidote therapy with methylene blue.
Results:
The patient was treated successfully with intravenous methylene blue. Within 60 min methemoglobinemia returned to normal values (MetHb 0.6%).
Conclusion:
Stimulating compounds such as volatile nitrites (poppers) may lead to potentially fatal methemoglobinemia. Swift and accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy with methylene blue can lead to rapid recovery.
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