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Health-adjusted life expectancy in Canada
Tracey Bushnik1, Michael Tjepkema1, Laurent Martel2
1Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
Health Reports
|April 19, 2018
Summary
Canadians are living longer, but the proportion of life spent in good health remains stagnant. Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) shows minimal improvement, highlighting persistent challenges in functional health.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Gerontology
- Health Economics
Background:
- Canadian life expectancy has significantly increased over the last century.
- Gains in life quantity do not necessarily reflect improvements in quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) in Canada from 1994/1995 to 2015.
- To assess changes in quality-adjusted life years and identify factors contributing to health disparities.
Main Methods:
- HALE was calculated using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 instrument on national health surveys.
- Population data from the Census of Population determined institutionalized individuals.
- Attribute-deleted HALE analysis identified key health status contributors to life expectancy differences.
Main Results:
- HALE increased in Canada, with greater gains observed in males, narrowing the gender gap.
- Mobility issues and pain increasingly burdened overall health, particularly for females.
- Excluding institutional populations inflated HALE estimates and their ratio to life expectancy.
Conclusions:
- Despite increased longevity, the proportion of life lived in good functional health has remained relatively stable.
- Comprehensive health expectancy assessments require data from both household and institutionalized populations.
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