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Migration00:53

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Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
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Beyond migration-Chemokines in lymphocyte priming, differentiation, and modulating effector functions.

Julia M Laufer1,2, Daniel F Legler1,2

  • 1Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|April 19, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chemokines and their receptors guide lymphocyte movement and function. This review details their roles in immune responses, cell interactions, and survival, crucial for pathogen defense and self-tolerance.

Keywords:
B cellT celladhesioncytokineintegrinsignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Chemokines and receptors orchestrate leukocyte and lymphocyte positioning.
  • Lymphocyte subsets express specific chemokine receptors for tissue recruitment.
  • The chemokine system is vital for immune responses and maintaining self-tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in immune responses.
  • To highlight their functions beyond directed cell migration.
  • To discuss their impact on lymphocyte interactions, priming, differentiation, survival, and effector functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on chemokines and chemokine receptors.
  • Analysis of studies investigating chemokine functions in lymphocyte trafficking and immune regulation.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence supporting chemokine roles in cell-cell contact and immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Chemokines control lymphocyte arrest on endothelial cells and immunological synapse formation.
  • They influence lymphocyte priming, differentiation, and survival.
  • Chemokines modulate lymphocyte effector functions, impacting immune response initiation and regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Chemokines and their receptors are critical regulators of lymphocyte behavior and immune responses.
  • Their functions extend to cell-cell interactions, lymphocyte development, and effector mechanisms.
  • Understanding the chemokine system is essential for developing strategies against pathogens and for maintaining immune homeostasis.