Open issues on G3 neuroendocrine neoplasms: back to the future

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Recent histopathological differentiation divides grade 3 neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) into G3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and G3 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs).
• This classification has significant implications for diagnosis and patient management.
• Several key issues require further clarification to establish the distinct roles of G3 NETs and G3 NECs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To address the undetermined issues surrounding the classification of G3 NENs.
• To evaluate current evidence and potential clinical implications for differentiating G3 NETs and G3 NECs.
• To provide clarity on the diagnostic and management strategies for these distinct entities.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review.
• Analysis of current diagnostic criteria.
• Evaluation of existing evidence on management strategies.
• Discussion of clinical implications based on available data.

Main Results:

• The review highlights areas of uncertainty in the diagnosis and classification of G3 NENs.
• It examines the evidence supporting the distinction between G3 NETs and G3 NECs.
• Potential differences in clinical behavior and treatment response are discussed.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the distinct characteristics and optimal management of G3 NETs versus G3 NECs.
• Clarifying these distinctions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and personalized patient care.
• Establishing clear guidelines will improve the clinical handling of these challenging neuroendocrine neoplasms.