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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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Two Behavioral Tests Allow a Better Correlation Between Cognitive Function and Expression of Synaptic Proteins.

Marta Balietti1, Giorgia Fattorini1,2, Arianna Pugliese2

  • 1Center for Neurobiology of Aging, INRCA, IRCCS, Ancona, Italy.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|April 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Age-associated cognitive decline involves synaptic changes in the hippocampus. Using two behavioral tests, not one, revealed increased synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) in impaired aged rats, avoiding false negatives.

Keywords:
Morris water maze testbrain agingcognitive declinehippocampusstep-through passive avoidance testsynaptic proteinssynaptotagmin 1

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Aging Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Age-associated cognitive decline (AACD) is linked to hippocampal synaptic impairment.
  • Different hippocampal regions (dorsal and ventral) have distinct roles in cognition and emotion.
  • Synaptic protein alterations may reflect functional changes in AACD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of using single vs. multiple behavioral tests on detecting synaptic protein changes in the aged hippocampus.
  • To evaluate synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) expression in relation to cognitive function in aged rats.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) for spatial learning and the step-through passive avoidance (STPA) for emotionality.
  • Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) protein levels were analyzed in the whole hippocampus using western blotting.
  • Rats were categorized based on performance in one or both behavioral tests.

Main Results:

  • Analysis of SYT1 in the whole hippocampus of rats tested only with MWM did not reveal significant differences.
  • Analysis of SYT1 in the whole hippocampus of rats tested with both MWM and STPA showed a significant increase in impaired rats.
  • This suggests SYT1 levels increase in aged rats with cognitive and emotional impairments.

Conclusions:

  • Employing multiple behavioral tests (MWM and STPA) provides a more accurate assessment of hippocampal function in aged rats compared to a single test.
  • Analyzing whole hippocampus tissue can detect changes in synaptic proteins like SYT1, but only when cognitive impairment is assessed comprehensively.
  • This approach helps prevent false-negative results in western blotting studies of aging and cognition.