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Internalized Homophobia Scale for Gay Chinese Men: Conceptualization, Factor Structure, Reliability, and Associations

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  • 11 Department of Clinical Psychology, Southwest Hospital, The First Affiliated hospital to TMMU, Third Military Medical University (Army medical University), Chongqing, China.

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This study developed a scale to measure internalized homophobia in gay Chinese men, revealing factors like internalized heteronormativity and family/social identity influence on their lives and choices.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Cultural Studies

Background:

  • Internalized homophobia is a significant concern for gay men globally.
  • Existing measures may not adequately capture cultural nuances in collectivistic societies.
  • Understanding these nuances is crucial for gay men in China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a culturally sensitive inventory for assessing internalized homophobia in gay men within a Chinese context.
  • To identify key factors contributing to internalized homophobia in this population.
  • To explore the relationship between internalized homophobia and self-perception, loneliness, and behavioral choices.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an 11-item internalized homophobia inventory.
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on two samples of gay Chinese men.
  • Assessment of internal consistency and construct validity.
  • Correlational analyses with measures of loneliness, self-evaluation, and self-identification.

Main Results:

  • A stable three-factor model emerged: internalized heteronormativity (IHN), family-oriented identity (FOI), and socially oriented identity (SOI).
  • The inventory demonstrated good internal consistency and construct validity.
  • Internalized homophobia correlated positively with loneliness and negatively with self-evaluation.
  • SOI predicted social "coming out" choices, while FOI predicted heterosexual marriage decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Culturally sensitive scales are essential for understanding the impact of values on gay Chinese men.
  • Internalized heteronormativity, family values, and social norms significantly influence self-perception and behavior.
  • The developed inventory provides a valuable tool for research and clinical practice in this population.