Interferon-beta injection site reactions in patients with multiple sclerosis

Area of Science:

• Neuroimmunology
• Pharmacology
• Dermatology

Background:

• Interferon-beta (IFNβ) therapies, including subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) formulations, are established treatments for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).
• SC pegylated IFNβ-1a (PEG-IFNβ-1a) offers extended action and improved patient adherence due to less frequent administration (bi-weekly).
• A significant drawback of SC interferons is the potential for skin toxicity, primarily injection site reactions (ISRs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the efficacy and administration of various IFNβ treatments for relapsing MS.
• To highlight the common adverse events associated with SC interferon therapy, specifically ISRs.
• To provide strategies for minimizing ISRs and improving patient management and adherence.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on IFNβ treatments for MS.
• Analysis of adverse event profiles, focusing on ISRs.
• Compilation of best practices for managing ISRs.

Main Results:

• PEG-IFNβ-1a provides a favorable administration schedule and adherence profile for MS patients.
• ISRs, characterized by erythema, edema, pain, and pruritus, are the most frequent adverse reactions to SC interferons.
• While typically mild to moderate, ISRs can be severe enough to lead to treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions:

• Effective management of ISRs is essential for maintaining patient adherence to SC interferon therapy for MS.
• Strategies such as injection site rotation, patient education, and appropriate pre- and post-injection care can significantly mitigate ISRs.
• Proactive management of skin toxicity ensures the continued therapeutic benefit of IFNβ treatments in relapsing MS.