Evaluation of Factors Associated with Hypermetabolism and Hypometabolism in Critically Ill AKI Patients

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious condition with high mortality. The presence of hypermetabolism may be a factor related to poorer prognosis. This study evaluated the resting energy expenditure (REE) of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe AKI using indirect calorimetry (IC) and identified factors associated with metabolism categories. Patients were evaluated through measurement of REE and estimation of basal energy expenditure (BEE) using the Harris⁻Benedict equation. Metabolism categories were as follows: hypermetabolism (REE/BEE > 1.3) and hypometabolism (REE/BEE < 0.9). The metabolism categories were compared using ANOVA and the chi-square test. Variables were analyzed by multiple logistic regression tests. Also, survivors and non-survivors were compared using Student’s t-tests along with Cox regression tests. Kaplan⁻Meier survival curves were also performed. We evaluated 124 patients with a mean age of 61.08 ± 16.6 years. Sixty-four patients were hypermetabolic (62%) and 18 were hypometabolic (14%). Vasoactive drug (VAD) dose and younger age were independently associated with hypermetabolism. The survival analysis was not associated with metabolism categorization. In conclusion, patients with severe AKI are mostly hypermetabolic and hypermetabolic patients of a lower age receiving treatment with higher VAD doses. The only factors associated with death were protein intake and VAD dose.