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Related Concept Videos

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The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a...
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Thermal Expansion01:22

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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion STED Microscopy
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Expansion Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (ExSTED).

Mengfei Gao1, Riccardo Maraspini2, Oliver Beutel2

  • 1Institut für Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Thielallee 63 , 14195 Berlin , Germany.

ACS Nano
|April 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We combined expansion microscopy (ExM) with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to achieve ultra-high resolution imaging. This ExSTED approach enables visualization of cellular ultrastructure at the ten-nanometer scale.

Keywords:
actin ringciliumexpansion microscopymicrotubulestimulated emission depletion microscopysuper-resolution microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular and Molecular Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Microscopy Techniques

Background:

  • Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy offers enhanced resolution for cellular ultrastructure.
  • Expansion microscopy (ExM) achieves subdiffraction resolution by physically enlarging biological samples.
  • Current super-resolution techniques have limitations in achieving maximal resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To combine ExM and STED microscopy (ExSTED) for unprecedented resolution.
  • To establish a robust method for imaging cellular ultrastructure at the ten-nanometer scale.
  • To identify requirements for high-fidelity labeling in ExSTED.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of expansion microscopy (ExM) with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy.
  • Physical sample enlargement using hydrogel cross-linking and swelling.
  • High-fidelity labeling strategies utilizing multi-epitopes for dense emitter distribution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a resolution increase of up to 30-fold compared to conventional microscopy (<10 nm lateral, ~50 nm isotropic).
  • Demonstrated the capability to resolve ultrastructural details with the ExSTED technique.
  • Identified the necessity of high-fidelity, multi-epitope labeling for optimal ExSTED performance.

Conclusions:

  • The combined ExSTED approach provides a powerful template for super-resolution microscopy.
  • This method enables visualization of entire cells at the ten-nanometer resolution range.
  • ExSTED overcomes limitations of individual ExM and STED techniques for ultrastructural studies.