Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

128.5K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
128.5K
Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

43.1K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
43.1K
Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

169.3K
After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
169.3K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.8K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
75.8K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.2K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.2K
Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

8.6K
Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
8.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revealing Metal-Node-Dependent Intralayer Conjugation and Thickness-Dependent Interlayer Interactions in Photoconductive MOFs.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026
Same author

Soap Microfilms Enhance Interfacial Reactivity for Ambient, Green Nanomaterial Synthesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Room-Temperature Tuning and Probing of Fermi Polarons in Atomically Thin Semiconductors on a Plasmonic Metasurface.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Deciphering Polyphenol Interactions with Poly(<sub>L</sub>-proline) and Polysarcosine.

Biomacromolecules·2026
Same author

DNA damage complexity as a predictor of cell survival: a microscopic Monte Carlo-based modeling framework for photon, proton and carbon ion irradiation.

Physics in medicine and biology·2026
Same author

Operando Spectroscopic Analysis of Photovoltage Generation in Hematite Photoanodes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
08:41

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Published on: October 10, 2018

25.9K

Electrochemically Switchable Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide and Cyclohexene Oxide.

Miao Qi1, Qi Dong1, Dunwei Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Eugene F. Merkert Chemistry Center , Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street , Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts 02467 , United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 20, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed an electrochemical method for redox switchable polymerization of lactide and cyclohexene oxide. This technique allows for controlled synthesis of block copolymers by altering electrical potential, enabling precise monomer sequence control.

More Related Videos

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors
09:15

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

Published on: November 22, 2016

11.1K
Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation
08:41

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

Published on: October 10, 2018

25.9K
Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors
09:15

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

Published on: November 22, 2016

11.1K
Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a versatile method for synthesizing polymers.
  • Controlling polymer architecture, such as block copolymers, is crucial for tailoring material properties.
  • Developing stimuli-responsive polymerization methods offers new avenues for precise polymer synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an electrochemical method for redox switchable polymerization.
  • To control the chemoselectivity of lactide and cyclohexene oxide polymerization in situ.
  • To synthesize poly(lactic acid-b-cyclohexene oxide) block copolymers with controlled monomer sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a lithium reversible sacrificial electrode and a high surface area carbon working electrode.
  • Employed a bis(imino)pyridine iron alkoxide complex capable of redox transformation between iron(II) and iron(III) states.
  • Applied electrochemical potential to trigger and control polymerization and alter chemoselectivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved efficient redox switching of the iron complex between Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxidation states.
  • Demonstrated an electrochemical toggle switch to modify chemoselectivity for lactide and epoxide polymerization.
  • Successfully synthesized poly(lactic acid-b-cyclohexene oxide) block copolymers with electrically controlled monomer sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical control offers a novel approach for redox switchable polymerization.
  • The developed method allows for in situ tuning of polymerization chemoselectivity.
  • This work enables the synthesis of precisely sequenced block copolymers via electrical potential.