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System of Memory

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Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
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Working Memory01:24

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Repressed Memory01:16

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Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Stimulus effects and the mediation of recognition memory.

Ryan M McAdoo1, Kylie N Key1, Scott D Gronlund1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 20, 2018
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Summary

Recognition memory can be discrete or continuous, depending on how similar items are. Semantically similar items suggest continuous memory, while dissimilar items suggest discrete memory, impacting eyewitness identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Recognition memory is mediated by either discrete state or continuous evidence.
  • Existing evidence for these models is mixed, suggesting adaptability.
  • The influence of item similarity on memory mediation is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the mediation of recognition memory is adaptable.
  • To determine the effect of semantic similarity between targets and fillers on memory evidence.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted manipulating the semantic similarity of word targets and fillers.
  • Recognition memory performance was analyzed to infer the type of evidence mediating recall.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1, using semantically similar fillers, provided evidence for continuous memory mediation.
  • Experiment 2, using semantically dissimilar fillers, demonstrated discrete memory mediation.
  • Findings contrast with previous research (Kellen & Klauer, 2015) regarding similar items.

Conclusions:

  • The type of evidence mediating recognition memory is adaptable and influenced by semantic similarity.
  • These findings have implications for understanding fundamental memory processes.
  • The results are relevant to applied fields such as eyewitness identification.