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Related Experiment Videos

Trace elements during 2 years' oral contraception with low-estrogen preparations.

P Liukko1, R Erkkola, P Pakarinen

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku, Finland.

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol did not alter iron, calcium, or zinc levels in women. Copper levels increased during use but normalized after stopping the pill, with no differences between levonorgestrel and desogestrel formulations.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used for birth control.
  • Hormonal contraceptives can influence micronutrient levels.
  • Understanding the impact of different OC formulations on mineral metabolism is crucial for women's health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of two combined oral contraceptives (ethinyl estradiol with levonorgestrel or desogestrel) on serum levels of iron, calcium, copper, and zinc.
  • To compare the impact of levonorgestrel- vs. desogestrel-based OCs on these micronutrients.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 17 healthy women using combined oral contraceptives.
  • Blood samples were collected before, during (3, 12, 24 months), and after (within 2 months) oral contraception use.

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  • Serum levels of iron, calcium, copper, and zinc were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Serum copper levels significantly increased during oral contraceptive use compared to baseline.
    • Serum iron, calcium, and zinc levels remained unchanged throughout the study.
    • Copper levels returned to baseline after discontinuation of oral contraceptives.
    • No significant differences in the effects on these minerals were observed between the levonorgestrel and desogestrel containing OCs.

    Conclusions:

    • Combined oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol do not affect serum iron, calcium, or zinc levels.
    • Oral contraception leads to a reversible increase in serum copper levels.
    • Both levonorgestrel and desogestrel formulations exhibit similar effects on these micronutrients.