Native myocardial T1 time can predict development of subsequent anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy

This study aims to assess subclinical changes in functional and morphological myocardial magnetic resonance parameters very early into an anthracycline treatment, which may predict subsequent development of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (aCMP).

Thirty sarcoma patients with planned anthracycline-based chemotherapy (360-400 mg/m² doxorubicin-equivalent) were recruited. Median treatment time was 19.1 ± 2.1 weeks. Enrolled individuals received three cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies (before treatment, 48 h after first anthracycline treatment, and upon completion of treatment). Native T1 mapping (modified Look-Locker inversion recovery 5s(3s)3s), T2 mapping, and extracellular volume maps were acquired in addition to a conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance with steady-state free precession cine imaging at 1.5 T. Patients were given 0.2 mmol/kg gadoteridol for extracellular volume quantification and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Development of relevant aCMP was defined as drop of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by >10%. For analysis, 23 complete data sets were available. Nine patients developed aCMP with LVEF reduction >10% until end of chemotherapy. Baseline LVEF was not different between patients with and without subsequent aCMP. When assessed 48 h after first dose of antracyclines, patients with subsequent aCMP had significantly lower native myocardial T1 times compared with before therapy (1002.0 ± 37.9 vs. 956.5 ± 29.2 ms, P < 0.01) than patients who did not develop aCMP (990.9 ± 56.4 vs. 978.4 ± 57.4 ms, P > 0.05). Patients with aCMP had decreased left ventricular mass upon completion of therapy (86.9 ± 24.5 vs. 81.1 ± 22.3 g; P = 0.02), while patients without aCMP did not show a change in left ventricular mass (81.8 ± 21.0 vs. 79.2 ± 18.1 g; P > 0.05). No patient developed new myocardial scars or compact myocardial fibrosis under chemotherapy.

Early decrease of T1 times 48 h after first treatment with anthracyclines can predict the development of subsequent aCMP after completion of chemotherapy.