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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection

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Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
Head and Neck
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Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Abdomen I: Inspection and Auscultation

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Introduction
The abdominal examination is a cornerstone of clinical medicine, serving as a critical tool in diagnosing various gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. It involves a systematic approach that includes inspection and auscultation, each with distinct yet complementary roles in assessing the abdomen. This article will delve into these two primary methods healthcare professionals use to examine the abdomen.
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The first step in any abdominal examination is inspection....
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation01:29

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings I: Inspection and Palpation

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In a cardiovascular examination, inspection and palpation are crucial for identifying abnormalities.
Abnormal findings observed during an inspection
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Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
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Performing Data Mining And Integrative Analysis Of Biomarker in Breast Cancer Using Multiple Publicly Accessible Databases
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Electrochemotherapy for Breast Cancer-Results From the INSPECT Database.

Louise Wichmann Matthiessen1, Mohammed Keshtgar2, Pietro Curatolo3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.

Clinical Breast Cancer
|April 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Electrochemotherapy effectively treats breast cancer skin metastases, showing high response rates with minimal side effects. This treatment is recommended for patients with cutaneous metastases, offering a valuable palliative option.

Keywords:
BleomycinCutaneous metastasesElectroporationOutcomePalliative care

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Palliative Care

Background:

  • Cutaneous recurrence of breast cancer presents a significant clinical challenge, impacting patient quality of life.
  • Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a palliative treatment that enhances bleomycin's effectiveness by locally permeabilizing tumor cells.
  • The International Network for Sharing Practice on ElectroChemoTherapy (INSPECT) facilitated this study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of electrochemotherapy for treating cutaneous metastases from breast cancer.
  • To assess response rates and side effects in patients undergoing ECT for skin lesions.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 119 patients with cutaneous breast cancer metastases across 10 European centers.
  • Patients received either intratumoral or systemic bleomycin followed by electric pulses under local or general anesthesia.
  • Data on treatment response and adverse events were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Complete response was observed in 50% of evaluable patients (45/90), with an additional 21% achieving partial response.
  • The median diameter of cutaneous metastases was 25 mm, primarily located on the chest (89%).
  • Common side effects included ulceration, hyperpigmentation, and low-grade pain; no serious adverse events were reported.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemotherapy demonstrates high response rates after a single treatment session for cutaneous breast cancer metastases.
  • ECT is a safe treatment with few side effects, suitable as an adjunct or standalone therapy.
  • Consideration of electrochemotherapy is recommended for patients with cutaneous metastases.