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Related Concept Videos

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Mechanical Protein Functions01:58

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Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force. 
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Bioenergetics mechanisms regulating muscle stem cell self-renewal commitment and function.

Phablo Abreu1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 - Butantã, São Paulo, CEP: 05508-000, SP, Brazil.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|April 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Muscle stem cells (satellite cells) use metabolic reprogramming for self-renewal, crucial for lifelong muscle repair and homeostasis. Understanding this is key for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
Adult muscle stem cellCell fateMetabolic control

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Area of Science:

  • Muscle biology
  • Cellular metabolism
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Muscle stem cells, or satellite cells, are essential for muscle maintenance and repair.
  • While their role in repair is known, molecular regulation of self-renewal and homeostasis is unclear.
  • Defects in satellite cell quiescence and self-renewal are linked to aging and neuromuscular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of how metabolic reprogramming regulates muscle stem cell self-renewal.
  • To highlight the importance of metabolic regulation for maintaining satellite cell pools throughout life.
  • To discuss implications for regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on muscle stem cell metabolism.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing self-renewal.
  • Exploration of mitochondrial roles in satellite cell function.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic reprogramming significantly influences muscle stem cell self-renewal commitment.
  • Mitochondrial alterations impact satellite cell function and self-renewal.
  • Understanding metabolic regulation is vital for preserving satellite cell pools.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic reprogramming is a key regulator of muscle stem cell self-renewal and homeostasis.
  • Targeting metabolic pathways holds promise for regenerative medicine strategies.
  • Further research into metabolic regulation can address age-related muscle decline and disease.