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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Protocol for Producing Three-Dimensional Infrared Video of Freezing in Plants
Published on: September 12, 2018
Five-dimensional imaging of freezing emulsions with solute effects
Dmytro Dedovets1, Cécile Monteux2, Sylvain Deville3
1Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation des Céramiques, UMR 3080 CNRS/Saint-Gobain CREE, Cavaillon, France.
Abstract:
The interaction of objects with a moving solidification front is a common feature of many industrial and natural processes such as metal processing, the growth of single crystals, the cryopreservation of cells, or the formation of sea ice. Interaction of solidification fronts with objects leads to different outcomes, from total rejection of the objects to their complete engulfment. We imaged the freezing of emulsions in five dimensions (space, time, and solute concentration) with confocal microscopy. We showed that the solute induces long-range interactions that determine the solidification microstructure. The local increase of solute concentration enhances premelting, which controls the engulfment of droplets by the front and the evolution of grain boundaries. Freezing emulsions may be a good analog of many solidification systems where objects interact with a solidification interface.
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