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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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Complex multicellularity in fungi: evolutionary convergence, single origin, or both?

László G Nagy1, Gábor M Kovács2,3, Krisztina Krizsán1

  • 1Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, BRC-HAS, 62 Temesvári krt, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|April 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex multicellularity in fungi evolved convergently multiple times. Fungal lineages independently developed complex multicellularity through shared genetic mechanisms, despite distinct evolutionary paths.

Keywords:
cell adhesionconvergent evolutiondevelopmentfruiting bodyfruiting body initiationfungal reproductiongene regulatory networkmulticellularitymushroomphylogenetically patchy character

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mycology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Complex multicellularity is a rare evolutionary event, observed in metazoans, plants, algae, and fungi.
  • Fungal multicellularity evolution employs unique mechanisms distinct from other lineages.
  • Fungi exhibit complex multicellularity with signatures of convergent evolution, appearing multiple times independently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ecological, palaeontological, developmental, and genomic aspects of complex multicellularity in fungi.
  • To discuss general principles of complex multicellularity evolution using fungal examples.
  • To explain the convergent evolution and patchy distribution of complex multicellularity in fungi.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature integrating ecological, palaeontological, developmental, and genomic data.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to understand the distribution of complex multicellularity across fungal clades.
  • Comparative genomics to identify conserved genetic mechanisms underlying multicellular development.

Main Results:

  • Complex multicellularity has evolved convergently 8-11 times in distinct fungal lineages.
  • These independent clades show limited phenotypic homology but share conserved gene circuits for multicellular development.
  • Evolution of complex multicellularity in some clades is linked to restricted gene family diversification.

Conclusions:

  • Fungi provide a unique model for studying convergent evolution of complex multicellularity.
  • The patchy distribution is explained by multiple independent origins driven by conserved genetic pathways.
  • Understanding fungal multicellularity offers insights into the general evolutionary principles of biological complexity.