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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
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Size-contrast illusion induced by unconscious context.

Yusuke Nakashima1, Yoichi Sugita1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Vision
|April 21, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The Ebbinghaus illusion can occur even with invisible context, demonstrating unconscious processing. This unconscious size-contrast effect, though weaker, shares decay properties with the conscious version.

Area of Science:

  • Visual Perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The Ebbinghaus illusion demonstrates how surrounding context influences perceived size.
  • Previous research primarily focused on conscious perception of contextual stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the Ebbinghaus illusion can be induced by context suppressed from conscious awareness.
  • To explore the characteristics and neural underpinnings of unconscious Ebbinghaus illusion induction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing continuous flash suppression (CFS) to render contextual stimuli invisible.
  • Employing a binocular presentation paradigm with interocular suppression.
  • Measuring the illusory size effect under conditions of visible and invisible inducers.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 11, 2026

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06:53

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Published on: March 1, 2017

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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast DIC Microscopy
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Main Results:

  • The Ebbinghaus illusion was observed even when context stimuli were invisible via CFS.
  • The unconscious illusory size effect was approximately one-third the strength of the visible effect.
  • Decay rates of the illusory effect with increasing interstimulus interval were similar for visible and invisible contexts.
  • Interocular transfer of the illusory size effect did not occur with suppressed inducers.

Conclusions:

  • The size-contrast mechanism of the Ebbinghaus illusion can operate unconsciously.
  • The findings suggest involvement of the primary visual cortex (V1) in unconscious size-contrast effects.
  • The monocular pathway within V1 appears crucial for mediating this unconscious visual phenomenon.