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Is the Pelvis Sexually Dimorphic in Turtles?

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Summary

Female turtles exhibit larger pelvic apertures, suggesting sexual pelvic dimorphism in egg-laying tetrapods. This pelvic variation may be linked to selection for larger female body size.

Keywords:
life history evolutionpelvic shapesexual dimorphismturtle evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • Pelvic variation is linked to life history evolution, notably in bipedal primates with sexually dimorphic pelvises.
  • The applicability of this trend to other taxa, particularly egg-laying tetrapods, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis of sexually dimorphic pelvic variation in egg-laying tetrapods using turtle anatomy as a model.
  • To investigate the relationship between pelvic morphology, sexual size dimorphism, and body size in turtles.

Main Methods:

  • Sampling of a natural turtle population exhibiting female-biased sexual size dimorphism.
  • Measurement and analysis of pelvic aperture area and iliac skeletal shape in relation to sex and body size.

Main Results:

  • Females possess a significantly greater pelvic aperture area (egg canal) compared to males.
  • Skeletal shape of the female ilium showed proportional deformation with increasing pelvic aperture area, predicted by body size.
  • Subsampling of similarly sized individuals indicated potential pelvic variation independent of body size.

Conclusions:

  • Sexual pelvic dimorphism may be indirectly maintained by selection for large female size in reptiles, aligning with the pelvic constraint hypothesis.
  • Further research comparing pelvic ontogenetic trajectories across lineages is necessary to confirm sexual pelvic dimorphism in turtles and other egg-laying tetrapods.
  • Sex-specific functional demands likely influence pelvic girdle architecture, warranting further investigation.